It's hard to believe, but the way that home cooks keep their groceries cool is relatively new. If you're wondering who invented the concept of refrigeration, it's hard to say-people first began freezing water in China in 1, B.
In the 18th century, Europeans often collected ice in the winter and salted large pieces before storing it deep underground, and this Colonial Williamsburg Foundation report says the practice would help ice keep for months. Before the advent of the refrigerator, people spent a lot of time preserving food- canning , smoking , drying, or salting. It wasn't until the early s that Americans were introduced to the icebox , an early precursor of the refrigerator.
Tim Buszka, a senior associate product marketing manager with the Whirlpool Corporation, says the icebox became more commonplace for middle and upper-class families in the s. The earliest models of the refrigerator really just had one feature to them- a chunk of ice.
According to archival records from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History , the icebox was an insulated cabinet with a compartment containing ice that kept perishable foods cool. Design stayed in prototype stage. John Gorrie built a similar machine in and it used compressed air. Alexander Twinning began selling a refrigeration machine based on this principle in while Australian James Harrison enlarged this design and adapted it for meat-packing and beer-making industries.
Synthetic alternatives were developed during the s, one of them was Freon. It has low boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity which makes it an ideal refrigerant. In the s, it was found that Freon poses problem for the environment. In time refrigeration became more affordable to the wider population. It allowed new settlement patterns to emerge, food started lasting longer, becoming much healthier and posing a less of a health risk.
History of Refrigeration and Refrigerators Refrigeration is a method in which work is done to remove heat from one location to another.
Refrigeration History History of refrigeration is long and refrigeration changed along the way from the pretty primitive yet ingenious to modern technology which allowed people to have refrigerators in their house and not depend on nature. Refrigeration Facts Refrigerators may look like mundane machines that everyone has in their home and that work on simple physical laws that work since the beginning of time but that is not all that can be said about them. American physician John Gorrie built a working prototype in and planned to use it for cooling the air in the tropical homes, but this one was also a commercial failure.
James Harrison, a British journalist who had immigrated to Australia, built a mechanical ice-making machine in and made the first commercial ice-making machine in He patented it in This machine used ether, alcohol or ammonia while later models used ammonia dissolved in water, sulfur dioxide, and methyl chloride. These refrigerators were also used in breweries and meat packing houses.
Fred W. Wolf of Fort Wayne, Indiana invented in refrigerators for home and domestic use, that were generally a unit that was mounted on top of an ice box, and many other worked to improve the idea. Nathaniel B. The refrigerator is such an important component of modern life that it is hard to imagine what the world was like without it. Before mechanical refrigeration systems were introduced, people had to cool their food using ice and snow, either found locally or brought down from the mountains.
The first cellars for keeping food cold and fresh were holes that were dug into the ground and lined with wood or straw and packed with snow and ice. This was the only means of refrigeration throughout most of human history.
The advent of modern refrigerators changed everything, eliminating the need for ice houses and other crude means of keeping food cool. How do the machines work? Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, to lower its temperature. To cool foods, a refrigerator uses the evaporation of a liquid to absorb heat. The liquid or refrigerant evaporates at an extremely low temperature, creating cool temperatures inside the refrigerator.
In more technical terms, a refrigerator produces cool temperatures by rapidly vaporizing a liquid through compression. The quickly expanding vapor requires kinetic energy and draws the energy it needs from the immediate area, which then loses energy and becomes cooler. Cooling generated by the rapid expansion of gases is the primary means of refrigeration today. The first known artificial form of refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University of Glasgow in
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